| (a) | According to TCM theory, the mouth is related to the Stomach, while the lips refer to the Spleen. | |
| (b) | Breathing through an open mouth is usually a sign of deficiency. | |
| (c) | Lips: | |
| (i) | Light-red lips are a sign of good health. | |
| (ii) | Deep-red lips indicate the presence of Heat; if they are also dry, it may indicate that Heat is drying Body Fluids. | |
| (iii) | Pale lips indicate deficiency or Cold. | |
| (iv) | A green–blue appearance of the lips may indicate presence of pain and stasis of Qi and/or Blood. | |
